Age determination in the icefish Pseudochaenichthys georgianus (Channichthyidae) based on multiple methods using otoliths

Aging Antarctic icefish is difficult because of their lack scales and poorly calcified bones. Icefish ages must therefore be estimated from otoliths. We describe a method reading daily micro-increments in connection with shape, size mass analyses the otoliths South Georgia Pseudochaenichthys georgianus . Changes otolith morphology correlate fish age group. The micro-increment analysis capable establishing an by relating count to life history fish. Micro-increment measurements are relatively simple do light scanning electron microscopy using micro-densitometer digitizing equipment. Drastic changes individual reflected measurable its data as seen our groups 0-VI. initial drastic change shapes periodicities occur hatching period icefish. next shape occurs when ~7 cm long shift pelagic benthic habitats. As beyond group III, variability lessens until they begin spawning. Our results indicate single population P. between Peninsula Georgia.